The Spatial Analysis of Roadside Parking Distribution in Jimeta Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study analyzes the spatial distribution of roadside parking in Jimeta Metropolis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify parking hotspots and evaluate their implications for urban mobility. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through field surveys, manual traffic counts, and GPS mapping of roadside parking locations, while qualitative insights were gathered through direct observation, open-ended questionnaires, and interviews with key stakeholders. Spatial analysis was conducted using GIS to map parking patterns and identify clustering, while SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. A total of 312 roadside parking sites were identified and mapped across the metropolis. Results indicate that roadside parking is highly concentrated along major transportation corridors, with 62% of parking sites located on major roads, 27% on minor roads, and only 11% on residential streets. Kernel Density Estimation revealed five major parking hotspots, primarily within the central business and commercial districts, where parking densities exceeded 45 parking points per square kilometer. Environmental constraints, including the River Benue, Lake Geriyo, Lake Njiwa, and extensive marshy zones, significantly limit the availability of land for off-street parking infrastructure, thereby reinforcing dependence on roadside parking. Although a recently constructed flyover reflects ongoing infrastructural interventions, spatial analysis shows no discernible reduction in roadside parking intensity in adjacent areas. The findings highlight a pronounced mismatch between parking demand and formal parking supply, contributing to congestion, reduced road capacity, and inefficient use of urban road space. The study underscores the value of GIS-based spatial analysis for evidence-based parking management and recommends the provision of off-street parking facilities, enforcement of parking regulations, and integration of sustainable urban planning strategies to improve mobility in Jimeta Metropolis.