Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Nigeria

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most significant global environmental challenges in both developed and developing countries, however its impact on food security is much more felt in developing countries like Nigeria. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, desertification, and extreme weather events have led to declining crop yields and loss of arable land. Nigeria, with its dependence on rain-fed agriculture, is particularly vulnerable to these changes. With about 70% of Nigeria’s population dependent on agriculture either directly or indirectly for their livelihood, climate-induced disruptions threaten livelihoods and economic stability. This paper examines the impact of climate change on food security in Nigeria. It also explores adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance resilience and ensure sustainable food security in the country. Data for the paper were gotten through systematic review of extant literature to identify, evaluate and synthesize relevant research on climate trend and food security with a review to examine the impacts of climate change on food security. The findings indicate that climate change has led to reduced crop yields, increased desertification, frequent flooding, and disruptions in food supply chains. The study concludes that climate change significantly threatens food security in Nigeria, with worsening impacts expected in the future. To mitigate these effects, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture, investment in irrigation infrastructure, use of improved seed varieties, and improved storage facilities are recommended.