Socio-Demographic Determinants of Public Transport Choice in Rural Edo State, Nigeria for Sustainable Mobility

Abstract

Rural transportation systems in developing countries face critical challenges impeding sustainable development. This study examines how socio-demographic and economic characteristics influence public transport choice among rural residents in Edo State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1,250 respondents across 18 communities in six local government areas through multi-stage sampling and structured questionnaires. Analysis employed chi-square tests, descriptive statistics, and cross-tabulation. Findings reveal that age, gender, education, occupation, and income significantly influence transport mode selection (χ² = 47.832, p < 0.001). Approximately 68% of respondents rely on walking due to limited options and poor roads, while economically active populations (79.8% aged 25-55) prefer motorized transport when available. Education and income emerged as critical determinants, with higher-income earners favoring commercial motorcycles and buses. Gender disparities exist, as women predominantly walk for short trips due to safety concerns and economic constraints. The study concludes that transport policy interventions must account for demographic heterogeneity to ensure inclusive rural mobility. Recommendations include targeted subsidies for vulnerable groups, expansion of intermediate transport options, and gender-sensitive planning.