Analyzing the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Socio-Economic Impacts of Deforestation in Yola South Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria (2004-2024)

Abstract

Deforestation is a serious threat to both ecosystems and the livelihoods of people in West Africa. This study provides a closer examination of the patterns, causes, and socio-economic impact of deforestation in the Yola South Local Government Area (LGA), a key region in Adamawa State, Nigeria. To address this issue, we used a mixed-methods approach that combined Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing with socio-economic surveys. We analyzed Landsat satellite images from 2004, 2014, and 2024 to track changes in land use and land cover (LULC), We also distributed a structured questionnaire to 300 randomly chosen households and conducted key informant interviews to gather insights on local perceptions, impacts, and driving factors. Our GIS analysis indicates a 62% drop in forest cover, shrinking from 37,895.31 hectares in 2004 to 14,389.92 hectares by 2024. Meanwhile, agricultural land expanded by 167%. The survey revealed that a significant 88% of residents are aware of deforestation, with agricultural expansion (40%), firewood collection (22%), and logging (16%) identified as the main culprits. The socio-economic impacts are concerning reduction in crop yield (28%), soil erosion (22%), and rising firewood costs (18%) reported. Notably, 74% of respondents felt that their livelihoods were negatively affected, and 66% connected deforestation to increased poverty in the community. This study highlights a critical and worsening deforestation crisis in Yola South LGA, primarily driven by agricultural growth and energy demands. The consequences include severe environmental degradation and socio-economic challenges. We strongly recommend urgent, integrated actions, such as promoting sustainable farming practices, offering alternative energy solutions, enforcing environmental regulations, and launching large-scale community-based reforestation initiatives.