ADSU Global Journal of Geography and Environmental Sciences
ORIGINALITY Adamawa State University Global Journal of Geography and Environmental Sciences-ADSU-GJGES (ISSN: Print-2651-5830, Online-2756-4142) is a journal for publication of original research articles, reviews, communications and letters from interested scholars and researchers in the academic community, international agencies, groups, individuals, institutions and other establishments concerning scientific approaches to sustainable development. Manuscript are critically reviewed and published in a volume of two issues in a year. Articles not previously or simultaneously published in any other scientific or technical journal, written in English language but not limited to the following areas of research are considered for publication: v Geography v Urban and Regional Planning v Estate Management v Surveying and Geoinformatics v Environmental Management v Environmental Medical Sciences v Environmental related Physical Sciences v Agricultural Sciences v Environmental Law v Science Education and Technology. Download full Editorial Policy
Assessing the Influence of Climate Variability on Malaria and Typhoid Fevers Cases in Guyuk Local Government of Adamawa state of Nigeria
Typhoid Fevers cases in Guyuk Local Government of Adamawa State. The objective of the study is to look at how variations in patterns of climatic elements influence the incidence of malaria and typhoid fevers cases in Guyuk Local Government Area. The method of data collection is fieldwork where the researcher visited the hospitals in the study area in order to collect data. The research used both primary and secondary data sources. The data of monthly record of temperature (minimum and maximum); rainfall and relative humidity from 2014 to 2023 for Guyuk, were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Adamawa. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as such as correlation was used to analyze the data where results were presented in percentages and bar charts. The research reveals that malaria and typhoid fevers were the two most common climate variability related diseases that occur in the study area. The relationship between malaria and typhoid fevers and the climatic elements such as temperature and relative humidity were high meanwhile relative humidity have the most significant effect on the two diseases. On the seasonal basis, all the three climatic elements were found to influence the occurrence of these diseases based on prevailing season, but the influence varied from one disease to another. It was observed that malaria and typhoid had the highest number of mean of occurrence in all the months. The frequency of typhoid was low when compared to malaria. The study showed that relative humidity and rainfall have a greater influence on the occurrence of malaria and typhoid when compared to the effect of temperature, hence malaria and typhoid showed a more significant relationship with the weather elements. The study recommends that Because of the prevalence of malaria in the study area, it is recommended that free mosquito nets should be provided regularly to the people.
Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Nigeria
Climate change is one of the most significant global environmental challenges in both developed and developing countries, however its impact on food security is much more felt in developing countries like Nigeria. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, desertification, and extreme weather events have led to declining crop yields and loss of arable land. Nigeria, with its dependence on rain-fed agriculture, is particularly vulnerable to these changes. With about 70% of Nigeria’s population dependent on agriculture either directly or indirectly for their livelihood, climate-induced disruptions threaten livelihoods and economic stability. This paper examines the impact of climate change on food security in Nigeria. It also explores adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance resilience and ensure sustainable food security in the country. Data for the paper were gotten through systematic review of extant literature to identify, evaluate and synthesize relevant research on climate trend and food security with a review to examine the impacts of climate change on food security. The findings indicate that climate change has led to reduced crop yields, increased desertification, frequent flooding, and disruptions in food supply chains. The study concludes that climate change significantly threatens food security in Nigeria, with worsening impacts expected in the future. To mitigate these effects, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture, investment in irrigation infrastructure, use of improved seed varieties, and improved storage facilities are recommended.
Drought Characterization Using Standardized Precipitation Index for Sustainable Crop Farming in Yola, North-East Nigeria
In this paper, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) technique was employed to assess drought characteristics in Yola, Adamawa State. Monthly rainfall data for the period of fifty (50) years (1969-2018) was obtained from Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority, Yola. The data were analyzed to characterized drought using SPI method. The result shows that within the 50 years study period, Yola experienced 20 years (40 %) of drought events. The years 1973, 1987 and 2002 were classified as extremely dry and 1971, 1974 and 2006 as severely dry respectively. Analysis of drought duration in Yola shows that the area had few cases of sporadic events and more of one year with 4 incidences (50%) prolong back to back events of two years constitute 25 % of drought duration. Decade temporal analysis shows that the fourth decade 1999-2008 recorded the highest frequency with 7 incidences. Similarly, sever and extreme drought events were recorded in 3 years (6 %) each in the area. Generally, 1969-1978 and 1999-2008 decades were characterized as mildly drought events (SPI =-0.99 to 0). Out of the 40 % of drought events 18 % occurred with mildly drought, moderately drought (-1.0 to -1.49) constituted 10 % and 6 % were of the severely dry and extremely dry conditions (-1.5 to -3.0) respectively. Implications of findings were thoroughly discussed as it affects sustainable farming in the area. Due to seasonal drought episode identified in this study, farmers are therefore recommends to early maturing crop varieties and also adopt the use of soil water conservation techniques. Government should also provide drought resistant seedlings and the establishment of a drought monitoring and mitigation centre.
Effects of Striga (Striga gesnerioides Wild Vatke) on the Growth and Yield of some Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp.] Varieties in Mubi, Adamawa State Nigeria
Cowpea yield loss associated with Striga gesnerioides have been reported to range between 83 to 100 %. For sustainable food production to meet the increasing population in developing countries like Nigeria, the production of cowpea need to be increased through proper selection of variety that can resist striga effects. The experiments was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, to investigate the effect of striga (Striga gesnerioides Wild Vatke) on the growth and yield of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) varieties. The treatments consisted of three improved cowpea varieties and four commonly cultivated genotypes viz: T1 = SAMPEA-14, T2 = SAMPEA11, T3 = SAMPEA-8, T4 = Iron beans, T5 = Ife Brown (“BOSAP”), T6 = White “kanannado” and T7 = “kilikili” which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates. Data were collected on leaf area, leaf area index, fresh plant weight, shoot dry matter weight and grains yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % probability level. Result shows that effect of striga was significant on leaf area, leaf area index and grains yield of cowpea while fresh plant weight and shoot dry matter weight were not significantly affected. Iron beans produced the highest leaf area while kilikili produced the highest leaf area index. SAMPEA -14 exhibited higher striga resistance with no striga emergence throughout the period of the study. In terms of yield, all the improved varieties together with Kilikili performed better than the other cultivars. SAMPEA -14 recorded the highest grains (2110.90 kg ha-1 ) and is hereby recommended for adoption by farmers in Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria and similar areas with severe Striga gesnerioides infestations.
Determination of Soil Microaggregates Indices of Gully Erosion on Some Arable Lands in Yola South Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
The study aimed at determining soil microaggregates indices of gully erosion on some arable lands in Yola South LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Three arable lands were selected, namely Yolde pate, Mbamba and Bole where gullies were randomly selected based on the gully distributions. The nature and characteristics such as age, shape, size, pattern, position, activity, stage and continuity of the gullies were observed and soil samples were collected along the gully wall layers (top, middle and bottom). The collected samples were prepared for soil micro- aggregates analysis in the laboratory and also soil microaggregates indices were calculated respectively. The results revealed that 12 gullies were identified characterized with small to large size having annular and dendritic pattern facing NW, SW and NE in an active and continuous process of development. The microaggregate indices of all the areas shows that the soils have high susceptibility to erosion with CDR > 15 %. At Yolde pate area CDR and CDI varied from 77.17-40.42 % and 69.17-33.92 % while at Mbamba 74.32-42.44 % and 78.74-39.45 % and Bole 71.62-45.58 %. However, the erosion susceptibility decreased from top to bottom of the gullies due to increase in CFI values at Bole and Yolde pate areas. To realize improve soil micoraggregate stability in the area, It is therefore recommended that farmers should adopt the use of organic materials incorporation and improve proper land use management.
The Prevalence, Economic Impact and associated risk factors of Fascioliasis in Ruminants Slaughtered at Mubi Slaughter Slab, Mubi-North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
This research was conducted to determine the prevalence, economic impact, and associated risk factors of fascioliasis in domestic ruminants slaughtered at Mubi North slaughter slab. 300 ruminant species were examined randomly from (July – September, 2024). This was achieved through ante-mortem to determine the Body Condition Score (BCS) and post-mortem inspection to access the level of liver damage. Bile samples collected was subjected to microscopic examination to determine the prevalence. Additionally, 120 structured questionnaire was administered to livestock farmers in five different wards randomly selected to assess the risk factors influencing disease transmission and spread. The economic loss was also determined by market survey. Results reveals that 72 animals were positive with a prevalence of 24%. 42 were females and 30 were males. Across species. 25 cattle, were positive where 11(22%) were male and 14(28%) were females. While in sheep 24 animals were infected where 9(18%) were male and 15(30%) were females. In goats, 23 were positive where 10(20%) were male and 13(26%) were female respectively. Significant variation occurred across geographical origins, with Vimtim recording the highest prevalence in cattle (40%) and goats (40%). Loses due to condemned livers was approximately ₦867,000 during the study period. Risk factors analysis indicates (82.2%), graze near water bodies, (80.8%) use river/stream as their water sources. (80.8%) had snail in grazing areas. (73.9%) practiced open grazing, (84.9%) are not aware of the disease and poor deworming practices constitute about (71%). Strict surveillance, farmers’ education, and veterinary services will help prevent the effect of fascioliasis in these areas.
The Spatial Analysis of Roadside Parking Distribution in Jimeta Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study analyzes the spatial distribution of roadside parking in Jimeta Metropolis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify parking hotspots and evaluate their implications for urban mobility. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through field surveys, manual traffic counts, and GPS mapping of roadside parking locations, while qualitative insights were gathered through direct observation, open-ended questionnaires, and interviews with key stakeholders. Spatial analysis was conducted using GIS to map parking patterns and identify clustering, while SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. A total of 312 roadside parking sites were identified and mapped across the metropolis. Results indicate that roadside parking is highly concentrated along major transportation corridors, with 62% of parking sites located on major roads, 27% on minor roads, and only 11% on residential streets. Kernel Density Estimation revealed five major parking hotspots, primarily within the central business and commercial districts, where parking densities exceeded 45 parking points per square kilometer. Environmental constraints, including the River Benue, Lake Geriyo, Lake Njiwa, and extensive marshy zones, significantly limit the availability of land for off-street parking infrastructure, thereby reinforcing dependence on roadside parking. Although a recently constructed flyover reflects ongoing infrastructural interventions, spatial analysis shows no discernible reduction in roadside parking intensity in adjacent areas. The findings highlight a pronounced mismatch between parking demand and formal parking supply, contributing to congestion, reduced road capacity, and inefficient use of urban road space. The study underscores the value of GIS-based spatial analysis for evidence-based parking management and recommends the provision of off-street parking facilities, enforcement of parking regulations, and integration of sustainable urban planning strategies to improve mobility in Jimeta Metropolis.
Rate of Fuel Wood Consumption in Selected Communities around Borgu Sector of Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
This study assesses rate of fuel wood consumption preferences in selected communities around Borgu sector of Kainji Lake National Park. The study population for this research consists of households of four selected communities (Leshegbe, Malale, Kali and Baburasa) which were selected in Borgu sector of Kainji Lake National Park. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select the communities while Simple random sampling was adopted in selecting household members. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted using frequency distribution and simple percentage. The sources of domestic energy revealed that firewood is the major source of domestic energy with 72 observations, followed by Charcoal with 32 observations while electrical cooker recorded the least with 2 observations. The tree species use as fuel wood show that Vitalaria paradoxa recorded the highest with 22.5%, followed by Diospyros mespiliformis and Tamarindus indica with 15.0% each while Parkia biglobosa recorded the least with 1.6%. The source of fuel wood in the study area indicated that nearby farm/bush recorded the highest with 51 observations while around houses recorded the least with 7 observations. The level of fuel wood consumption in the study area showed that very high recorded the highest with 57.5%, followed by high with 25.8% while very low is the least with 0.0%. The factors responsible for the preference of fuel wood revealed that availability and accessibility recorded the highest with 32.5%, followed by Fast in cooking with 25.8% while it gives food special aroma and taste recorded the least with 2.5%. The study concludes that fuelwood is one of the significant products of the forest of which the resident communities rely on for their livelihood and energy for domestic use.
The Environmental Impact of Gully Erosion and Its Implications for Soil Loss in Northern Adamawa state, Nigeria
Gully erosion has become a significant environmental issue, dramatically contributing to soil degradation and adversely affecting soil fertility, water quality, and ecosystem health worldwide. This study investigates the extent and impact of gully erosion in Northern Adamawa State, Nigeria, focusing on five local government areas comprising Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South and Maiha Local Government where 163 gully sites were identified. Using a 30- meter measuring tape, the dimensions of each gully were recorded, resulting in a total gully length of 12,349.4 meters. The Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG) methodology was applied to calculate the volume of displaced soil, which was found to be 73,133.15 cubic meters. Furthermore, the study estimated an annual soil loss of approximately 58,471.05 tonnes. These results highlight the severe implications of gully erosion, such as significant soil fertility loss, decreased agricultural productivity, damage to infrastructure, and negative socio-economic impacts. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive soil conservation and land management strategies, including reforestation, terracing, and community engagement, to mitigate these adverse effects and restore environmental stability.
Geospatial Analysis of Agricultural Encroachment on Natural Forest in Ife South Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria
This study examines the spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural encroachment on natural forests in Ife South Local Government Area, Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. Over the past two decades (2002 – 2022), the region has witnessed significant land use changes, driven by economic transformation and population growth, leading to the conversion of forested areas for cultivation. The study utilized Landsat imageries for 2002 (ETM+), 2015, and 2022 (OLI/TIRS) were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at a 30-meter spatial resolution. The images were processed and classified using ArcGIS 10.8 and ERDAS Imagine 2015. A supervised classification was performed to quantify land use/land cover changes. Supplementing the geospatial analysis, in-depth interviews were also conducted in selected communities within the study area to gauge perceptions. The findings reveal a complex pattern of change: while natural vegetation showed a net increase of 28.13% over the 20-year period, it experienced a significant decline of 39% between 2002 and 2015 before recovering. Cultivated land and plantations decreased by 28.78% and 63.31% respectively, whereas built-up areas expanded dramatically by 138.62%. Qualitative data identified agriculture as the primary driver of forest loss (90% of respondents), leading to negative impacts on livelihoods, including reduced crop yields and loss of forest benefits, as well as environmental degradation such as reduced air quality and land degradation. The study recommends an integrated approach involving sustainable land-use planning, agroforestry, community participation in forest management, and strengthened law enforcement to mitigate encroachment and achieve a balance between agricultural development and environmental conservation.
Distribution and Abundance of Freshwater Snails of Medical and Veterinary Importance in Mubi North Local Government Area , Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study examines the distribution and abundance of snails of medical and veterinary importance across different aquatic habitats in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa state, Nigeria. This study aimed to determine species composition, distribution and abundance, the influence of ecological factors on the abundance of fresh water snail species known to be vectors of diseases such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis. Sampling was conducted using standard scooping and hand-picking methods. A total of 2307 snails species were collected and identified morphologically using standard identification guides. Water samples from each site were analyzed for key ecological parameters including pH, temperature, turbidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, hardness, and total dissolved solids. The result from the study identified three species of snail: Bulinus globosus, Lymnaea natalensis and Bulinus truncatus. Bulinus globosus were the dominant species across the study area, comprising 86.35% of the total snail population, with the highest population in Betso and the least in Muchalla. This dominance indicates a high risk for schistosomiasis transmission. Lymnaea natalensis (8.75%) and Bulinus truncatus (4.26%) were less abundant but notable due to their role in fascioliasis. The analysis of ecological parameters revealed that the mean value of water pH, (5.93), DO (2.65 mg/L), and TDS (694.98 mg/L) significantly influenced snail abundance. High snail population were associated with moderate pH, warm temperature (26.86°C), and moderately high nutrient levels. Sites with extreme values of pH or low DO showed reduced snail diversity. The study underscores the importance of ecological surveillance and targeted control in habitats with favorable conditions for snail proliferation. Effective control strategies should integrate ecological monitoring to disrupt the transmission of snailborne diseases in the region.
Assessment of the Determinants of Housing Rental Values in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Rental housing plays an important role in the provision of affordable housing at the global and local level. Housing is an important component of human settlement that contributes to the quality of life, health, welfare as well as productivity of man. This study assessed the determinants of housing rental values in Birnin Kebbi metropolis, Nigeria with a view to identifying the socio-economic characteristics of tenants and identify the factors influencing the value of rental housing in Birnin Kebbi. The study adopted the use of mixed research design. Data were collected through questionnaire and interview survey from 322 respondents, which were randomly selected from the target population in the study area. Apart from the questionnaire, Key Informant Interview (KII) was conducted with local estate agents. The data collected were subjected to analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics with frequency distribution tables and multiple regression analysis to determine factors influencing rental housing values. The multiple regression model revealed that locational, structural, security, and neighbourhood characteristics significantly influenced rental values, with R = 0.586, R² = 0.343, at p < 0.001. Among the predictors, neighbourhood characteristics has the highest influence (β = 0.244, p < 0.001), followed by structural (β = 0.187, p = 0.001) and security characteristics (β = 0.181, p = 0.002), while locational characteristics showed a weaker but significant effect (β = 0.080, p = 0.002). The study concludes that neighbourhood characteristics, structural features, security factor and locational factors collectively determine rental housing values in Birnin Kebbi metropolis. The study concludes that neighbourhood quality, structural features, security environment and locational factors collectively determine rental housing values in Birnin Kebbi. It is recommended that property developers should consider the provision of affordable housing units. Government should improve vicinity characteristics through facilities upgrade in the low quality areas to ensure high property value in the study area.
Morphometric Analysis and Hydrological Implications of Runoff Timing and Peak Discharge in the Hong Section of the Kilange Basin, Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study provides a morphometric analysis of the Kilange Basin in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria focus on hydrological response and flood vulnerability. Using a 30 m-resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and GIS-based analysis, linear, areal, and relief morphometric parameters were computed mathematically to assess runoff behaviour, watershed resilience, and flood potentials. The Hong section of the Kilange Basin, covering 707.96 km², features a fifth-order dendritic drainage network with a low bifurcation ratio of 1.64, indicating largely uniform lithology and minimal structural control. Key results include moderate drainage density (0.74 km/km²), high circularity ratio (4.98), and elongation ratio (0.71), reflecting a compact shape that favors rapid flow convergence. Relief metrics—relief ratio = 12.8 and ruggedness number = 0.40—suggest moderate runoff energy and balanced infiltration-runoff dynamics. Hydrological indices (Runoff Potential Index = 0.63, Lag Time Index = 0.27, Shape Index = 7.01) highlight the basin’s sensitivity to fast hydrological response and potential flood risks. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends structural measures such as check dams and contour bunds, enforcing land-use regulations in vulnerable areas, community-based early warning systems, and practices like agroforestry and water harvesting to enhance infiltration and water sustainability. These insights provide critical guidance for flood mitigation, water resource planning, and climate adaptation in data-scarce semi-arid regions of North-eastern Nigeria.
Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study conducted a comprehensive phytochemical screening and quantitative evaluation of five selected medicinal plants (Euphorbia hirta, Adansonia digitata, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, and Vernonia amygdalina) in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods to identify and measure bioactive compounds in ethanolic and aqueous extracts of these plants, which are widely used in traditional medicine in the region. Qualitative screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, glycosides, and carotenoids in all plants, the ethanolic extracts exhibiting broader phytochemical profiles than aqueous extracts. Quantitation using HPLC demonstrated that Vernonia amygdalina possessed the highest overall concentration of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics (921.02 ± 9.21 mg/100g), tannins (819.00 ± 8.18 mg/100g), and flavonoids (496.00 ± 49.60 mg/100g) in its ethanolic extract. Azadirachta indica also showed high concentrations of phenolics (827.00 ± 8.27 mg/100g) and tannins (580.2 ± 5.08 mg/100g). Statistical analysis confirmed significant variations (p < 0.05) in phytochemical concentrations among plant species and between solvent types, with ethanolic extracts consistently yielding higher concentrations than aqueous extracts. These findings provide scientific validation for the traditional medicinal uses of these plants in Mubi North and highlight their potential for pharmaceutical uses, particularly as sources of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antiinflammatory agents. The study recommends further pharmacological investigations, toxicity studies, and conservation efforts for these valuable medicinal plant resources.
Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge Approaches Towards Building Climate Resilience in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
The study focuses on indigenous knowledge systems in the Niger Delta. A quantitative research design approach was used, combining a household survey (n = 400) with historical climate data analysis (1901- 2024). Statistical techniques used in the study included descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis, threshold-based scoring, trend analysis using ordinary least squares (OLS) and Theil-Sen method. The survey results indicate that indigenous knowledge, such as elevated housing, rotational farming, and communal warning systems, is widely used and effective in reducing climate hazards. The Climate Resilience Index (mean = 77.2%) revealed that more than 90% of respondents demonstrated high to very high resilience. Pearson correlations (r ≥ 0.90, p < 0.001) demonstrated a clear positive relationship between IK adoption and resilience. Comparative perception tests (χ² = 7.28, p = 0.026) found a significant difference in community perceptions of three strategies (indigenous knowledge (IK), modern/scientific systems, and training). Climatic trend analysis revealed a clear warning signal in all the states (+0.003-0.005 °C/year), a declining rainfall trend in several states (-0.11 - 0.21 mm/year), and growing diurnal temperature ranges (DTR) in Rivers and Cross River States. Vapour pressure escalated, notably in Delta and Bayelsa States, which suggests that local knowledge can help with combating climate change. The study suggests that the people of the region should acknowledge an adaptation policy that harmonises indigenous and scientific approaches, while also enhancing intergenerational knowledge transmission. Keywords: · ,; · ; · ; · ; ·
Estimation and Mapping of Above and Below Ground Biomass Distribution in Southern Guinea Savannah Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria
This study assessed temporal and spatial variations in above- and below-ground biomass (AGB and BGB) in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Taraba State, Nigeria, from 1987 to 2024 using multitemporal Landsat data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) modeling, and soil organic carbon (SOC) analysis. AGB was derived from NDVI-based regression equations, while BGB was estimated using SOC as a proxy following the modified approach. Results show a marked decline in vegetation productivity and carbon storage over the 37-year period. AGB ranged from 0–84.82 t ha⁻¹ (1987) to 0–95.20 t ha⁻¹ (2024), with low-biomass zones expanding from 36.8 % to > 60 % of the landscape. Mean biomass peaked at 39.79 t ha⁻¹ in 2014 before falling to 32.39 t ha⁻¹ in 2024, indicating renewed degradation after a brief recovery phase. SOC values varied from 0.36–12.2 g kg⁻¹, highest in forest and riparian sites, confirming strong vegetation–soil carbon coupling. ANOVA results (F = 49.129, p < 0.001) revealed significant inter-year differences, and Tukey’s HSD indicated a major decline between 2014 and 2024 (p < 0.001). The NDVI–AGB correlation weakened progressively (R² = 0.958 → 0.743), reflecting landscape fragmentation and ecosystem instability. Overall, total ecosystem biomass decreased by over 40 %, demonstrating severe loss of carbon sequestration capacity. These findings highlight the transition of the Southern Guinea Savannah toward a degraded ecological state and emphasize the urgency of community-based reforestation, assisted natural regeneration, and the integration of biomass–carbon monitoring into Nigeria’s climate-adaptation and land-restoration policies.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Community-Based Conservation Programs in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
This study focuses on effectiveness of community-based conservation programs on communities in Old Oyo National Park. The specific objectives of the study were to Identify community-based conservation programmes carried out in Old Oyo National Park and assess the impacts of community-based conservation programmes.Two (2) ranges (Tede and Marguba range) were selected from Old Oyo National Park. Three communities were purposively selected from each of the selected ranges based on their proximity to the Park, making a total of six communities. Simple random technique was used to administer twenty (20) questionnaires to twenty respondents in each of the selected communities making a total of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents of which one hundred and two (102) questionnaires were retrieved. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the community-based conservation programmes are empowerment of stakeholders, community are involved in conservation projects, community involved in decision making etc. The effectiveness of community-based conservation programmes indicated that highly effective recorded the highest with 40.2%, followed by moderately effective and effective with 31.4% and 23.5% respectively while not at all effective recorded the least mean of 4.9%. Impacts of community-based conservation programmes indicated that job opportunities and CBC has contributed to protecting and preserving natural resources recorded the highest mean value of 4.36 and 4.35 each, followed by it provides opportunity for the community to interact with different people with a mean of 4.34. The major challenges confronting the implementation of community-based conservation programmes were inadequate funding and lack of attention from local administrations. It can be conclude for the findings of this study that community-based conservation programmes are highly effective.
Appraising the Prevalence of Road Traffic Accidents and Its Impact on SocioEconomic Well-Being of Communities along Mubi-Yola Highway, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) represent a major public health and socio-economic concern globally, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the highest burden. This study assesses the prevalence of road traffic accidents and their impact on the socioeconomic well-being of communities along the Mubi-Yola highway in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was adopted, utilizing accident records from law enforcement agencies. Individual interviews were also conducted with the staff of FRSC and NURTW, passengers, pedestrians, and other road users along the Mubi-Yola Highway to generate data for analysis. Findings revealed a high prevalence of RTAs, with frequent involvement of commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and pedestrians. The major causes identified include over-speeding, poor road conditions, driver fatigue, and inadequate enforcement of traffic regulations. Spatial clustering and hot-spots of traffic accidents along the corridor were noted at Fachi, Kwanan Sigiri and Vunaklang Junction with frequencies ranging from 10.1 to 13. The socio-economic impacts of road traffic accidents on wellbeing of the communities comprise loss of breadwinners, increased medical and burial expenses, long-term disabilities, disruption of economic activities, and heightened poverty levels among affected households. The study concludes that RTAs along the Mubi-Yola highway do not only pose significant public health risks but also exacerbate socio-economic vulnerabilities within the region. It recommends improved road infrastructure, strict traffic law enforcement, driver education programs, and provision of accessible emergency response services to mitigate accident rates and their adverse consequences on community well-being. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform policymakers and road safety advocates, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions. Keywords: · ; · ; · ; · ; ·
Influence of Weather Variability on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Incidences in Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State
The study examines the influence of weather variability on lower respiratory tract infection incidences in Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State. Meteorological data (rainfall, relative humidity, minimum and maximum temperature and sunshine duration) from 2015 to 2024 were downloaded from National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA] website. Reported cases of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs) were collected from Federal Medical Center Yola, which include; bronchitis, cold, pneumonia, catarrh and Tuberculosis (TB) from 2015-2024. Microsoft excel 2013 was employed to run the seasonal patterns of all the weather variables as well as LRTIs variables. SPSS Version 16 was used to run the correlation between weather elements and LRTIs parameters. Results showed that the pattern of rainfall depicted two seasons (wet and dry); April to September for wet and October to March for dry seasons. The results further revealed that the rainfall pattern and relative humidity influence bronchitis, cold, pneumonia and TB., Maximum and minimum temperature patterns tend to have less influence on those infections, while sunshine duration does not seem to influence LRTI cases incidences in the study area.. The Correlation Analysis results showed negative correlations (r) between rainfall and bronchitis (- 0.513), cold (-0.610) and TB (-0.509) but a positive relationship (0.754) with pneumonia. Relative humidity portrayed negative relationship with all the LRTIs. Maximum temperature has (-0.704) strong negative correlation with pneumonia only. Minimum temperature and sunshine duration shows very weak relationship with all the LRTIs. Based on the seasonal pattern of weather elements and LRTIs parameters and also their relationships, weather variability tends to influences LRTIs incidences in the area. Therefore, it is paramount that government should reinforced environmental hygiene safeguard in the area. The use of nose mask should be encouraged among the populace during dusty weather conditions.
Sustainability of Irrigated Rice Production among Beneficiaries of the Anchor Borrowers Programme in Patigi Local Government Area, Kwara State
This study examined the sustainability of irrigated rice production among beneficiaries of the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) in Patigi Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed farmers’ perceptions of rice yield before and after the implementation of the progarmme and evaluated the impact of ABP in terms of income on farmers’ welfare. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents representing 10% of the total 3,000 beneficiaries reported by the Rice Farmers Association of Nigeria (RIFAN) in the 2021/2022 farming cycle. A purposive sampling technique was employed across the three districts of Patigi LGA. Descriptive statistics (simple percentages and frequency distributions) and inferential statistics (stepwise multiple regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that all respondents were male, with 68.67% married and 94.33% under the age of 50. A significant proportion (60.33%) had household sizes ranging between 11 and 20 persons, while 16.67% had no formal education. Most respondents (79.0%) cultivated between 1 and 8 hectares of land, with only 46.33% owning the land the farmed. Furthermore, only 13% had less than 20years of farming experience. In terms of rice yield, prior to ABP, 83.33% of farmers produced 30 bags or fewer, while only 1.67% exceeded 30 bags. After the implementation of the programme, 60.33% of farmers reported yields above 30 bags, indicating a significant improvement in productivity. The regression analysis showed that 94.5% of the variation in irrigated rice production was explained by key variables such as labour input, land ownership, payment of medical bills, household size, increase in median income, farming experience, loan repayment capacity, age, and expenditure on children’s education. The study concludes that the ABP has significantly improved rice production, income, and welfare of farmers in the study area, indicating its potential for sustainability. It recommends that continued participation in irrigated rice farming, supported by similar programmes could enhance food security and rural development. The success observed in Patigi can also serve as a replicable model for other rice-growing regions in Nigeria.
Public Participation and Community-Based Approaches in Soil and Water Conservation for Horticulture production Projects; A review
This study examined the sustainability of irrigated rice production among beneficiaries of the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) in Patigi Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents representing 10% of the total 3,000 beneficiaries reported by the Rice Farmers Association of Nigeria (RIFAN) in the 2021/2022 farming cycle. A purposive sampling technique was employed across the three districts of Patigi LGA. Descriptive statistics (simple percentages and frequency distributions) and inferential statistics (stepwise multiple regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that all respondents were male, with 68.67% married and 94.33% under the age of 50. A significant proportion (60.33%) had household sizes ranging between 11 and 20 persons, while 16.67% had no formal education. Most respondents (79.0%) cultivated between 1 and 8 hectares of land, with only 46.33% owning the land the farmed. Furthermore, only 13% had less than 20years of farming experience. In terms of rice yield, prior to ABP, 83.33% of farmers produced 30 bags or fewer, while only 11.67% exceeded 30 bags. After the implementation of the programme, 60.33% of farmers reported yields above 30 bags, indicating a significant improvement in productivity. The regression analysis showed that 94.5% of the variation in irrigated rice production was explained by key variables such as labour input, land ownership, payment of medical bills, household size, increase in median income, farming experience, loan repayment capacity, age, and expenditure on children’s education. The study concludes that the ABP has significantly improved rice production, income, and welfare of farmers in the study area, indicating its potential for sustainability. It recommends that continued participation in irrigated rice farming, supported by similar programmes could enhance food security and rural development. The success observed in Patigi can also serve as a replicable model for other rice-growing regions in Nigeria.
Spatial Distribution, Morphological Characteristics, and Socioeconomic Impacts of Gullies in Gombi Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Gully erosion is a significant environmental and developmental challenge in Nigeria, contributing to severe land degradation, loss of agricultural land, and threats to infrastructure and rural livelihoods. This study investigates the spatial distribution, morphological characteristics, and socioeconomic impacts of gullies in Gombi Local Government Area (LGA), Adamawa State. Field survey was conducted across 27 randomly selected gully sites. GPS, leveling staff, and measuring tapes were used to obtain precise coordinates and morphological dimensions, including gully length, mean widths, and mean depths. GIS-based spatial analysis was employed to assess the correlation between gullies, slope, and drainage patterns. Results revealed gully lengths ranging from 26–250 m (mean = 88 m), widths from 2–12.2 m (mean = 4 m), and depths from 0.7–5.1 m (mean = 1.5 m), classifying most gullies as medium in size. Gullies were unevenly distributed, with hotspots in the eastern, north-central, and western parts of the LGA, highlighting areas highly susceptible to erosion. Communities reported increasing gully expansion and recognized the destruction of farmlands, roads, bridges, and river channels. These findings indicate that hydrological connectivity, slope, and human land-use activities are key drivers of gully formation and growth. The study provides baseline data for targeted interventions, including slope stabilization, afforestation, engineering controls, and policy implementation to mitigate erosion and safeguard socioeconomic development.
Geo-Spatial Analysis of Event Centres in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
This study investigates the geographic distribution, categorization, and spatial pattern of event centres within Kaduna Metropolis using integrated Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. GPS was used to picked the coordinates of the existing event centres in the study area. A total of 57 event centres were identified and mapped, revealing a clustered distribution pattern predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the metropolis, especially around Barnawa ward. The event centres were categorized into indoor, outdoor, and combined indoor/outdoor types, with indoor centres constituting the majority (63.21%). The spatial clustering aligns with favorable social, cultural, and economic factors influencing patronage. Nearest Neighbor and Kernel Density analyses confirmed clustering and varying density levels across the metropolis, reflecting uneven access to event spaces. The study recommends a continuous monitoring and application of GIS spatial analysis to institutionalize and track changes in event centre distribution and demand, so as to enable proactive infrastructure adjustments. ; · ; · ; · ; ·
Environmental and Health Impacts of Solid Waste Open Disposal in Gonin-Gora and Environs in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
For many developing countries, solid waste disposal and management remain a serious, albeit, an under-researched, problem. A case study of environmental and the health impact of open dumps was under-taken in Gonin-Gora, Sabon Tasha and Kakau in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State. Major dump sites were identified, marked and divided into two, based on distance of 0-100metre and 100-200metres, from the dumps. 203 households were administered with a questionnaire. Three soil samples were collected; 1 from each of the study areas. The presence of bacteria, viruses and parasites in the soil samples was analyzed. Health records were obtained from the Comprehensive Health Center at Gonin-Gora, which augmented the data collected from the field. Results from laboratory analysis showed that solid wastes contained disease vectors that are harmful to humans and the environment. Surface is that when the environment is not healthy, the people become vulnerable. Therefore, people living close to waste dumps are more vulnerable to diseases like malaria, typhoid and foul odor, than those living a distance away. It is recommended that to safeguard the environment and community health, the authority saddled with responsibility of waste management should improve on instant of refuse evacuation, while government should provide funds for waste management programs. At the household level, the study recommends the adoption of the 4R; Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover, as well as to reduce/control the consumption of food items that generate large amounts of waste. Thus, there should be more funding by government and research by scholars to mitigate urban deterioration to create liveable cities.
An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Healthcare Facilities in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State
This research examined the spatial distribution of healthcare centers in Mubi North Local Government area of Adamawa state using GIS. . Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The objective of the study is to map out the health care centers of the study area: A GPS was used to collect the coordinates of each Healthcare center. All the health centers constitute the study area. Data from the field survey about the location, name and types of Healthcare centers in the study area were collected which includes one general hospital; one model primary health center, 23 primary health centers, six clinic, four dispensaries and seven private hospitals. About 397 questionnaires were distributed by convenience sampling across the health centers. Descriptive analysis was used in analyzing the data. Analysis shows the accessibility to primary Healthcare centers in the study area is uneven. The also results indicate that primary Healthcare centers in the study area have an irregular distribution pattern; this shows an uneven distribution across all the wards in the study area. The study recommended that accessible roads should be constructed to link up settlements and Healthcare centers and there should be synergy between federal, state and Local Government Areas in investing their resources to improve primary Healthcare centers most especially employing health personnel.
Evaluation of Insect Infestation on Commercially Smoked Fresh and Marine Water Fish in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
The research was conducted to evaluate insect infestation on some smoked commercial fresh and marine water Fish in Mubi, Adamawa State of Nigeria. Fish species namely: Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Synodontis budgetti, Scomber scumbrus, Clupea harengus and Sardinellar. aurita were obtained from Shagari low-cost fish market Mubi. The fishes were processed using Adamawa State University Smoking kiln (ADSU). The processed fishes were stored for six (6) months under room temperature and were examined virtually with hand magnifying lens for insects infestation count. Analyzed data showed no insect infestation count for the first two months December 2023 to January 2024. Monthly infestation count showed significant differences at p<0.05 with highest values in February on C. gariepinus (16.83± 0.19), March; S. scumbrus (14.42± 0.25), April; S. scumbrus (95.00± 0.28), May; C. harengus (348.50± 0.29) with least values on fresh water fishes with S. budgetti throughout the month of storage February (0.83± 0.19), March (5.17± 0.25), April; (23.75± 0.28), May; (171.58± 0.29). Identified insect pest were Dermestes maculatus and Necrobia rufibes they lavish the fish product causing substantial damage to the stored fishes, with the highest infestation of N. rufibes observed in February on C. gariepinus (32.50± 0.27), S. scumbrus; March (79.80± 0.25), April (166.83± 0.29), May (495.17± 0.40), with least values on D. maculatus in February on C. harengus (0.83± 0.27), March on S. budgetti (1.17± 0.25), April on O. niloticus (13.50±0.29), May on S. aurita (66.50±0.40).The result obtained in the study clearly indicate that smoked fresh water fishes showed longer shelf life of 3-4 months while smoked marine fishes showed a shelf life of 1-2 months. Therefore it’s recommended that fish should not be kept longer to avoid spoilage and unacceptability to consumers.
A Review of Methodological Approaches and Results Interpretations to Morphometric Analysis in Environmental Resource Management
This comprehensive review examines methodological approaches and interpretative frameworks in morphometric analysis for environmental resource management, tracing its evolution from traditional cartographic techniques to advanced AI-driven applications. Morphometric analysis quantifies watershed characteristics through parameters such as drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and relief ratio, providing critical insights into hydrological processes, erosion susceptibility, groundwater potential, and flood risks. Methodological developments have progressed through four distinct phases: (1) manual cartographic methods (1940s1980s) establishing foundational quantitative principles; (2) GIS and Remote Sensing approaches enabling automated extraction from DEMs (SRTM, ASTER, LiDAR); (3) statistical and geostatistical techniques (PCA, regression, geostatistics) establishing predictive relationships; and (4) machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, SVM, ANNs) capturing complex non-linear dynamics. Despite technological advancements, significant challenges persist in result interpretation across diverse environmental contexts. High drainage density indicates erosion in semi-arid regions but groundwater recharge in humid tropics, while bifurcation ratios reflect tectonic controls in some settings and lithological influences in others. Methodological gaps include DEM resolution inconsistencies (causing up to 45% variation in drainage density estimates), limited AI adoption in developing regions (<5% of global studies), scale dependency effects (60% parameter variation across spatial extents), and insufficient integration with hydrological-socioeconomic models. Interpretative limitations involve over-generalization across environments, over-reliance on single indices, neglect of temporal dynamics, and poor translation to policy frameworks (only 15% of watershed plans incorporate morphometrics). Future research priorities include high-resolution DEM accessibility, cloud-based AI platforms, longitudinal monitoring of morphometric evolution, and trans-disciplinary approaches bridging scientific analysis with governance frameworks. Addressing these gaps will enhance the contribution of morphometric analysis to sustainable watershed management, particularly in vulnerable regions like Africa where context-specific applications are urgently needed.
Quantification of the Pesticide Residue in Ready-To-Eat Lettuce Produced in Adamawa State, Nigeria for Healthy Nutrition
Ready-to-eat lettuce has become popular among residents of Adamawa State nowadays due to its convenience and changing lifestyle. This product may be loaded with both chemical and biological contaminants, either during production or processing, thereby exposing consumers to health risks. There is a need to evaluate the wholesomeness of ready-to-eat lettuce marketed in the state. To achieve this, three Agricultural zones were purposively selected out of the four zones of Adamawa State. One major horticultural market was also purposively selected from each of the three selected zones, and ten samples of ready-to-eat lettuce were sampled from each market. The pesticide analysis was conducted using an HPLC method at the Nutrition Laboratory of Adamawa State University, Mubi. Data collected was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23, and means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 5% level of significance. The results showed that there were significant (P≤0.05) differences in the levels of some of the pesticides. The highest concentration of Bifenthrin (0.0021mgkg-1 ), Hexaconazole (0.0018mgkg-1 ), Metalaxyl (0.0024mgkg1 ), Parathion (0.0014mgkg-1 ), Pyridaben (0.0039mgkg-1 ) and Hexachlorobenzene (0.0020mgkg-1 ) were recorded in Mubi. Numan chronicled the highest values of Azoxystrobin (0.0067mgkg-1 ), Cadusafus (0.0047mgkg-1 ), Chlorfenapyr (0.0057mgkg-1 ), Isoprothiolane (0.0073mgkg-1 ) and Malathion (0.0075mgkg-1 ). However, Yola recorded the highest values of Diazinon (0.0073mgkg-1 ) and Dichlorvos (0.0078mgkg-1 ). The concentration levels of pesticide in Ready-to-eat lettuce produced in the State were below the FAO/WHO Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs) for all the pesticide under study. However, banned pesticide such as Hexachlorobenzene, Dichlorovos and Parathion were found in the fresh-cut lettuce produces in the State at very low concentrations. Thus the Ready-to-eat lettuce marketed in the State is safe for consumption.